Thursday, August 27, 2020

Essay --

Andrew Almeida Huck Finn Self Reliance This statement from Lauren Oliver says a lot on the attitude of Huck Finní ¾ â€Å"I’d maybe kick the bucket my way over live yours.† Huck Finn is a small child experiencing childhood in at a disorganized time in America. Numerous thoughts and inclination are either constrained upon him or he has no assistance yet encountering. Instead of enduring this Huck concludes he would be in an ideal situation on his own instead of attempting to adjust to every other person's measures. Living without anyone else lead to a lot a bigger number of difficulties and contradicting powers than a child of just 13 ought to must be confronted with. This lead to Huck being more adult than different children his age since he needed to continually depend on himself to take care of his issues and think of his own spirits on what is good and bad without the direction from others.Along with how this changed Huck as a individual regardless. Huck Finn is an exceptionally free character. Being without a dad figure and guardians of any sort drives him to need to grow up without anyone else. In doing so making a character who is ready to respond and settle on choices to assist himself with escaping the wreckage he or his companions have gotten him into. Huck at such a youthful age is compelled to search for jim to direction on the stream be that as it may, Jim is not any more instructed than Huck is. This prompts Huck just lead himself yet additionally attempt and play an influential position to get Jim to security. An incredible case of where Huck can assume control over his destiny by making a detailed story is when he is on shore dressed as a young lady. He is trapped in an untruth however as opposed to taking a chance with the destiny of Jim he thinks brisk and saysí ¾Ã¢â‚¬  I revealed to her my dad and mom was dead, and the law had bound me out to a mean old rancher in the nation thirty mile once again from the stream, and he rewarded... ...hing on the grounds that he can do everything himself. No one at that timeframe in the south was eager to support him so he just made the wisest decision with no alert concerning whether not individuals would pass judgment on him Í ¾Well, I did. I said I wouldn't, and I'll stick to it. Genuine INJUN, I will. Individuals would consider me a lowdown Abolitionist and detest me for keeping mumâ€but that don't have no effect. I ain't agoing to tell, and I ain't agoing back there, at any rate. Along these lines, presently, le's thoroughly understand it. (8.52, 8.53). This confidence and division from society is the thing that permits Huck to be all the more tolerating of new thoughts and at last is the thing that makes this story happens in any case. Without Huck’s self dependence none of this ever would have been conceivable and Huck would have in all likelihood never left the modest community with his alcoholic killjoy father and slave claiming Miss.Watson and Miss.Douglas.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The French Revolution Essay -- European History

The French Revolution The French Revolution was one of the most awful accidents in mankind's history. More than 7,000,000 individuals may have kicked the bucket thus. The quick explanation was the budgetary emergency brought about by French help for the American Revolution. France contributed 2 billion bits of silver to win the war. Her duty framework could just help the administration during harmony. A war called for phenomenal measures. This was the start of the primary period of the upset, which is alluded to as the Aristocratic Revolution. The blue-bloods considered this to be as a chance to reassert their capacity. The French Finance Minister, Necker (1776-1781) didn’t utilize new tax assessment to back the war, he acquired the cash. In 1781, he distributed the Compte Rendu †which was the primary financial plan the individuals of France had ever observed. It demonstrated a spending overflow of ten million bits of silver and Necker was hailed as a legend of the Enlightenment all through Europe. His spending plan, notwithstanding, was a manufacture. France was really 80,000,000 bits of silver paying off debtors. When Calonne became money serve in 1783, he found over portion of France’s salary went to pay the enthusiasm on the obligation and the obligation was expanding at the pace of 100,000,000 every year. Before long France would not have the option to get any more cash. She needed to either renounce the obligation or find new charges. Renouncing the obligation was not feasible in light of the fact that legislatures must have the option to get cash. They have to acquire to overcome any barrier between the yearly appearance of assessment incomes. The main course open was to discover new tax collection. The issue was who to burden? The laborers and craftsmans were at that point burdened as far as possible. New duties would need to be put on the nobility and the ministry. The Parlement enrolled new orders and the respectability controlled it. The issue would get the expenses through the Parlement. Calonne assembled a get together of notables in 1787, planning to pick up force for change. The notables wouldn't back the new duties, since they didn’t accept there was a shortage. The notables trusted Necker’s Compte Rendu. Calonne and Necker exchanged charges and abuse and King Louis XVI terminated Calonne. Louise XVI recruited the leader of the notables †Brienne †to be his new fund serve in 1787. Brienne audited the spending plan and understood that Calonne had been coming clean, however when he introduced his case to the notables, ... ...ear, not famous help. Executions kept on expanding (258 in April of 1794, 345 in May, and 688 in June) and contrasts in the Committee got hopeless. On July 27, 1794 Robespierre was yelled down in the National Convention while offering a discourse to response assaults against his approaches. Cries of "Down with the tyrant" were raised and Robespierre's capture was announced. Robespierre and his adherents got away, however were later caught. He and 19 of his supporters were executed July 28, 1794. The frontispiece from this enemy of Robespierre work, Almanach des Prisons, portrays the aftereffects of the Reign of Terror under Robespierre's administration. The different heaps of heads are marked as follows: "Clergy," "Parliment," "Nobles," "Constitution" (supporters of the Constitution), "Legislature," "Convention," and "People." Note that the biggest stack is for the "People" or overall population, as opposed to for the church or privileged, stressing one of the cases against Robespierre's system. The figure on the framework is Robespierre guillotining himself! ________________________________________

Friday, August 21, 2020

Social Media Usage Global Statistics

Social Media Usage Global Statistics Social Media Usage: Global Statistics Here at the TopUniversities.com team, we’re super excited to announce the launch of our very first ‘Students’ Online Usage: Global Market Trends Report’, which you can download (totally free!) here. Based on a survey of students and prospective students around the world, the report looks at trends in internet, device and social media usage use across different age groups and regions.For me, some of the most striking results were the statistics on social media usage. OK, so we all know social media is a big deal â€" but would you have guessed that in every region surveyed, more than half of respondents said they use five major social networks ‘all the time’?The image above shows the percentage in each region who said they use Facebook all the time â€" for the statistics for Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Pinterest, get the full report here.Other than the extremely high levels of social media usage reported, other results that caught my eye were:YouTube seems to be the most popular social network in Asia, Europe, and the US CanadaRespondents in Africa generally reported lower social media usage â€" with the exception of FacebookRespondents in Latin America reported the highes t usage across nearly all networks (just beaten on Pinterest by the US Canada)What else did we find out? Well, there were some clear differences in social media usage depending on age, and also some interesting trends once we started comparing individual countries. And my personal favorite part of the report was when we asked respondents why they use social networks… But that’s for another blog post!Stay tuned for more key findings, or download the full (2014) report now.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Factors That Influence On Air Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 541 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Air pollution is a very delicate issue and is the fourth-largest threat to human health nowadays. Many people believe that air pollution does not have any kind of impact on their lives due to the fact that it does not affect them on the daily basis. However, not taking good care of the air we breath can cause tragic consequences to the planet and to human health in the long run, and it might be too late to find a solution when it gets to this point. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors That Influence On Air Pollution" essay for you Create order It is very important to think about the welfare of the environment in every single aspect because, at the end of the day, the planet Earth is our home. It is also where our kids and future generation will live, so we must take actions in order to prevent diseases and many other issues that come along with the pollution of the air. The most important question is: what can we do in order to protect our planet? Air Pollution is the result of the releasement of large amounts of liquid and gases into the atmosphere that cause environmental impact and human health problems. These polluting substances include industrial dust, aerosols, black smoke, solvents, acids and hydrocarbons. However, the most serious damage that Air Pollution causes is certainly towards human health. We are often being exposed to a large amount of smoke and we do not realize that many diseases, such as cancer, are related to this excessive exposure. This type of pollution is related to the decreasement of effectiveness of the mucociliary system of our nostrils. It also deteriorates asthma symptoms, upper respiratory infections, and incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Also, research shows that children and the elderly are the most vulnerable, and are often being hospitalized, mainly with respiratory diseases. One of the biggest parts of the air pollution is caused by means of transportation. Cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles and all sorts of boats and planes cause two types of environmental problems: it contributes to the greenhouse effect because it emits carbon dioxide (CO2), and puts public health at risk by polluting the atmosphere with extremely toxic gases and particles. In order to increase the number of transportation, it is necessary to seek solutions that discourage the use of individual transportation, such as cars. A good beginning would be to invest more money on the infrastructure of public transport technology, as well as providing incentives to increase walking and cycling. Therefore, decreasing the number of vehicles of transportation we see on the streets plays a big hole on the amount of pollution we are releasing into the air we breath. Another factor that plays a huge hole in air pollution is the emission of fossil fuels by industries. The presence of these pollutants in the air can cause various respiratory disorders in humans. Depending on the type of pollutant and its intensity of contact, people can even develop a cancer and have their reproductive and immune systems damaged. In the nature, the emission of sulphur aggravates the risk of acid rain. Also, other gases increase the average temperature of the earth, which can lead to the melting of the polar ice caps, among other problems that threaten fauna and flora.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Overcoming Challenges Of The Honors College At Villanova

Education is about uncovering who we really are through overcoming challenges that encourage us to constantly ask questions. Introspection allows us to achieve a deeper understanding, remain open minded, and develop direction in our lives. Joining the Honors College at Villanova would extract and develop my authenticity, making me a better person both in and out of the classroom. Joining the Honors College will develop my authenticity, not in the sense that I will be a more honest person, but rather, that I will know more about myself and have better reasoning behind my beliefs. The challenging course load that Honors Students face requires a deeper level of reflection. Students must not only know the material, but have a solid foundation behind it. This forces students to question their worldly views, resulting in a reformed person both socially and academically. Striving for a deeper understanding requires my views to constantly evolve. A dangerous trap that people often fall into is becoming closed minded. The key to learning and authenticity is keeping an open mind. It is impossible to be authentic without accepting the possibility to change. Accepting change is an imperative aspect of human development. Honors classes encourage students to question the norm and not to rule out the improbable. Students are forced to maintain an open-mind as their ideas are challenged every class. Learning is a lifelong process. People are always growing and changing, muchShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages This page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Coping withRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAsk your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-use assignments and presentations www.wiley.com/college/quickstart Technical Support 24/7 FAQs, online chat, and phone support www.wileyplus.com/support Your WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

How Does the United Nations Support Environmental...

Introduction About the United Nations The United Nations is an international organization, which was founded in 1945 after the Second World War, committed to providing the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting human beings all over the world (Wikipedia). The organization is committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights (Wikipedia). ‘Ensuring environmental sustainability’, climate change being one of the major factors, is one of the millennium development goals of the UN. The United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, along with many organizations/agencies under the UN, collaboratively work towards achieving this goal. About the Chosen Aspect of Study ‘How does the United Nations support the millennium development goal of promoting environmental sustainability by limiting climate change in South and North America?’ This investigation shall focus on the previously mentioned question as this a very interesting topic to further research on, also as I believe that the UN has played an enormous role in promoting environmental sustainability in South and North America, and therefore would make a good topic to further research on. This topic is worthy of studying as by knowing of what many before us have done to protect and sustain the environment, we can look into aiding the environment to aShow MoreRelatedThe UN Promoting Environmental Sustainability1733 Words   |  7 PagesAction Plan How will you decide which aspect of the UN to look at? I will decide which aspect of the UN to look at, by firstly looking into the different aspects of the UN, which are related to geography, about which I can write. Next, choosing the most interesting of these aspects for me. Finally, I will have arrived at the aspect of the UN which I will be looking into. Which sources of information will you first consult? As the project is regarding an aspect of the UN, I will consultRead MoreSustainability And The Current Global Development Model1680 Words   |  7 Pagesreleased by the United Nations Panel on Global sustainability in January 2012, which encourages sustainable actions. Moreover, this report advises people to use their human rights to pursue sustainability and encourages governments to take the proper initiatives to resolve current day issues. Currently, social issues such as, poverty, deforestation, global hunger, and climate changes are all leading factors of our failing environment. This report along with other sources portray sustainability as a socialRead MoreCoca Sustainability1185 Words   |  5 PagesReview of the 2014/15 Coca Cola Sustainability Report Part 1 – Report Analysis 1. Coca Cola’s sustainability strategy is aligned rather than being just an afterthought. That is, the sustainability strategy is effectively aligned with the company’s strategic objective. As Coca Cola endeavors to refresh the world, the company and its local bottling partners strive at creating new value for their customers. The management is also committed not only on effectively implementing the strategy, butRead MoreSustainability Is The Continuance Of A Defined Behavior1625 Words   |  7 Pages Sustainability is the continuance of a defined behavior or action with the ability to maintain a balance of what and how that specific behavior is being completed (Business Dictionary, 17). As this definition is general, we can apply it using a qualitative breakdown of its importance to biology and ecology. The importance of sustainability in biology and ecology is to ensure that the relationship in which we utilize our natural resources does not surpass the Earth’s abilities to produce those materialsRead MorePublic Discourse Surrounding Conceptions Of Sustainability Definitions And How That Impedes The Development Of A Sustainable Society1651 Words   |  7 Pages Public Discourse Surrounding Conceptions of Sustainability Definitions and how that Impedes the Development of a Sustainable Society Nicholas Dawson 9/14/2015 University of Southern Queensland Student Number: W0025726 â€Æ' The definition of sustainability varies widely depending on the context in which the concept of sustainability is used. As Herman Daly (1996) put it, â€Å"Sustainable development is a term that everyone likes, but nobody is sure of what it means. The term rose to the prominenceRead MoreI Think Sustainability Is A Strategy For Coca-Cola. Sustainability1279 Words   |  6 PagesI think sustainability is a strategy for Coca-Cola. Sustainability has been a long and on-going journey for Coca-Cola. On their website, I can find a sustainability report back to 2007. In each of these reports/reviews, Coca-Cola will assess performance and progress against the previous year, in addition, the number of indicators is also increasing. This journey has certainly brought benefits to the company. For example, Coca-Cola has focused on sustainable packaging efforts and the creative PlantBottleRead MoreThe Sustainable Development Is Defined By The Brundtland Report Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesmea sures the economic activities and production of every country. As the GNP of a country tends to rise so does its resource consumption. Industrialized nations consume more energy per capita than third world countries, as the energy is needed in every economical aspect: business, manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and architecture. United States of America and Canada and other developed nations have increased exponentially their resource consumption as their per capita income grows. But JapanRead MoreIdentify Four Products You Purchase Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesweek. How global is the â€Å"reach† of the companies who manufacture those products? Identify if they are manufactured abroad, etc. Do proceeds from the companies’ sales benefit the global population? If so, how? Answer: A few items my family has purchased are Keebler Zesta ® oyster crackers, Snapple ® Half n’ Half Lemonade/Tea, shrimp, and Starbucks coffee. Keebler manufactures their Zesta ® oyster crackers in Battle Creek, MI. Keebler is a part of the Kellogg Company. Kellogg Company does haveRead MoreThe Chaco And Its Effects On Indigenous Peoples1658 Words   |  7 Pagesdemand for land. This new infrastructure makes it easier for â€Å"settlers, merchants, and illegal loggers to clear forests and settle in indigenous territories.† The USAID brief also mentions how this infrastructure has both directly and indirectly caused negative effects in the Gran Chaco region. They report how small-scale illegal loggers invading indigenous titled lands â€Å"follow[ed] the new transoceanic highway built as part of the IIRSA development plan, which threatens indigenous peoples in SouthRead MoreClimate Change Is A Global Problem Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pages regardless of how much these regions contributed to the production of the emissions that cause these climatic changes (Boyer 2013). Therefore, mitigation and adaptation to climate change are global public goods. Climate change poses threats across national boundaries, thus forcing environmental policies into the international and global policy arenas. This global collective action problem does not stress the degree to which environmental improvements rests with individual nation action and also

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

History of HM free essay sample

Mauritz AB (Hamp;M) is a Swedish multinational retail-clothing company, known for its fast-fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children. Hamp;M exists in 43 countries and as of 2011 employed around 94,000 people. [2] The first store was opened on the high street of Vasteras, Sweden in 1947. [3] It had 2,325 stores at end of 2011 and 2,629 stores at end of August 2012. [4] It is ranked the second largest global clothing retailer, just behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of ZARA), and leads over third largest global clothing retailer, United States based GAP Inc. The design team in the company’s Sweden office controls the steps of production, from merchandise planning to establishing specifications, and production is outsourced to approximately 800 factories in Europe and Asia. These facilities are used for horizontal division of labor, rather than being integrated Locations [edit] Asia [edit] The Middle East [edit] Hamp;M store in the Ginza district in Tokyo, Japan The company opened its first Asian store (also the companys first franchise) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in 2006. It followed with a store in the Salmiya district of Kuwait City, Kuwait. In 2008, it opened its doors in Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi arabia. China [edit] It expanded into East Asia in March 2007, with its first store opening in the city of Hong Kong on 10 March 2007. Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue opened that store where she also exclusively launched her range of swimwear, Hamp;M loves Kylie. The first location in the city of Shanghai was opened in 2007. [citation needed] There are a total of 114 stores in China. (2012) Japan [edit] The first Japanese store was opened in Ginza on 13 September 2008, while a second store was opened in Harajuku in November 2008. Another store was opened in the Shibuya shopping district on 19 September 2009. [6] South Korea [edit] On 25 February 2009, the company announced that it had signed an agreement to open its first store in South Korea, located in the Myeongdong district of Seoul, and that it was scheduled to open during Spring 2010. [7] Israel [edit] The first Israeli store opened in Tel Aviv in 2010, followed by five more stores across the country,[8] including a branch at the Malha Mall in Jerusalem. Hamp;Ms steady growthwhich has seen its sales double in the four years between 1994 and 1998can be expected to continue, with new store openings averaging some 60 per year. The company has only just begun to tap its growth potential. In Germany, the company represents less than two percent of the total retail clothing market; Hamp;M remains similarly limited in England, where the companys market share is less than 0. 5 percent. Hamp;Ms expansion has barely touched such major clothing markets as France, Italy, and Spain. The company has been moving to fill out its southern European map, however. In 1998 the company entered France with six stores in Paris. Spain was added to the list in 1999, with the proposed opening of three stores. Hamp;M is also making its first forays into the United States, a market already somewhat crowded with retailers marketing a similar conceptfashionable, low-priced, quality clothing targeted especially at 25- to 35-year-olds but extended also to include children and mature shoppers. Plans to open the companys first U.S. stores were announced in April 1999. In Europe, the companys chief competition remains the Spain-based Zara chain, the U. S. -based Gap chain, and, to a more limited extent, Italys Benetton. Hamp;M operates under the strategy of Fashion and quality at the best price. Hamp;M stores are closely guided from the companys Stockholm headquarters to achieve a uniform conceptit is said that a sweater featured in a window display in London will be featured in exac tly the same way in Reykjavik and all other Hamp;M stores. Such control over its image has enabled Hamp;M to build a consistent brand appeal throughout the wholly company-owned chain. Hamp;Ms low-debt, cash-rich position enables it to respond quickly to developing trends. New clothing products are introduced on a near-daily basisbreaking the traditional seasonal stock rotation found in the retail clothing industry. Clothing items rarely remain on Hamp;Ms shelves for more than a month; this rotation encourages repeat shopping. Hamp;M also controls the fashions featured in its stores: almost all of its clothing sales fall under the companys own range of brand designs. The company employs a staff of more than 50 designers, who create the designs for such Hamp;M brands as Hennes (which means hers in Swedish), Woman Collection, and LOGG, for women; Uptown; LOGG, and Contemporary for men; Rocky, Rocky Girl, and Impuls for teenagers; and Baby Baby, LOGG, Rocky, and C-Dept for children. The company also sells cosmetics under the Hamp;M Cosmetics, FOB (Face of Beauty), ResQ, Steele, Magnum, and Basic Spa brand names. Hamp;M does not manufacture its own clothing but instead works with some 1,600 suppliers, principally in Europe and Asia, under strict quality and other human resource standards. Hamp;M continues to be majority controlled by the founding Persson family, who own some 70 percent of the companys stock. In 1998, however, chief architect of the companys expansion Stefan Persson was named the companys executive chairman. In his stead as managing director, the company has placed Fabian Mansson, former buying director. Forming a Fashion Empire in the 1940s Hamp;M was founded as Hennes in 1947 by Erling Persson. A former salesman and founder of another company, Pennspecialisten, in Vasteras, Sweden, Persson had discovered a new retail clothing store concept during a trip to the United States. Persson decided to import this retail conceptthat of high turnover produced by low pricesamp;mdasho Sweden. From the first Hennes store, which featured exclusively womens clothing, opened in Vasteras, Hennes expanded throughout Sweden, covering much of the country through the 1960s. Hennes also began to export its low-price clothing concept, beginning with neighbor Norway in 1964, and joined by Denmark in 1967. By the end of the 1960s, Hennes looked to extend its range beyond womens clothing. The company also sought further expansion in Stockholm. These two goals were fulfilled with the purchase, in 1968, of Mauritz Widforss, a hunting and gun shop on Stockholms Sergelgatan. As part of the purchase, Hennes also received a large stock of mensamp;mdash? imarily sportswearclothing items. These were quickly added to the companys retail offering; the companys name was changed to Hennes amp; Mauritz to reflect its expanded product range. At the same time, Hennes amp; Mauritz added a line of childrens clothing to its stores, so that, by 1970, the company offered clothing for much of the family (two more segments, teenagers and babies, were added in 1976 and 1978, respectively). The Mauritz addition did more than add its name and expand the companys clothing range. It helped transform the companys product offering itself. The introduction of sportswear led the company to develop clothing that better reflected the spirit of the times, as a new generation of youth clamored for clothing that allowed them to express their individuality. Hamp;M began to develop the casual, down-to-earth yet fashionable image that proved a success in its later expansion. Seeking further growth, the company made a new acquisition in 1973, buying up fellow Swedish company Bekladnadskompaniet. In the next year, as Hamp;M prepared further foreign growth, the company went public with a listing on the Stockholm stock exchange. The Persson family, however, retained the largest share of the company stock, leaving control securely in the familys hands. During the 1970s, Hamp;M began to look beyond its Scandinavian base. In 1976 the company entered the British marketamp;mdasho mixed results. While Hamp;Ms British growth long remained limited, reaching just 25 in the late 1990s, the company posted better results on the European  continent. At home, the company acquired the Rowells mail-order company, which became the base for Hamp;M Rowells, the companys mail-order subsidiary. The next move for Hamp;M was to Switzerland, where the companys stores quickly became a mainstay in that countrys major cities. Switzerland became one of Hamp;Ms principal foreign markets. In 1980 Hamp;M launched its first German store. The Hamp;M concept somewhat revolutionized the German clothing retail market, which was described as having remained rather stodgy. Hamp;Ms informality also raised some ripples in Germany, as employees were more than encouraged to drop the formal Sie form in their conversations with other employees. Nevertheless, the Hamp;M concept caught on well with the German consumer at a time when few other retail brands existed on the German retail scene. Global Fashion for the 1990s A new generation took the lead of Hamp;M when Erling Persson turned over the companys managing director position to his son Stefan Persson. Under the younger Persson, Hamp;M continued its international expansion, while retaining tight control of the Hamp;M image. Hamp;M continued to expand its presence in its existing markets throughout the 1980s, steadily opening new stores. By the 1990s, Hamp;M would grow to become one of the largest retailers in Sweden and that countrys fifth largest company. In the late 1980s, Hamp;M attempted to diversify its brand line by opening the Galne Gunnar (Crazy Gunnar) chain of cut-price stores. After expanding the chain to 18 stores in Sweden, the company decided to abandon the concept after ten years, redeveloping the existing Galne Gunnar stores as Hamp;M stores. Sticking with the Hamp;M name appeared to be the most profitable future for the company. Growth of the Hamp;M chain, particularly in foreign expansion, stepped up dramatically in the 1990s. The time was ripe for what Stefan Persson described as global fashion. Persson had been quick to recognize the emergence of fashions and trendsborn of MTV, Hollywood, Madison Avenue advertising, and the Internetthat transcended national borders to become fads among youth and other age groups across the world. Hamp;M, with its emphasis on uniformity among its stores, was well-positioned to appeal to this new generation of consumers. As a nod perhaps to the times, the  company also created a new line of clothes, under the BiB (Big is Beautiful) brand name. The companys international expansion stepped up in earnest. After opening in the Netherlands in 1989, the company moved into Belgium (1992), Austria (1994), and Luxembourg (1996). By 1994, the companys sales had topped SKr 13. 5 billion; more than 70 percent of sales came from beyond Sweden. That same year the companys German store s overtook Sweden to become Hamp;Ms largest single market. By the end of the decade, Germany would represent more than double the companys Swedish salesdespite Hamp;Ms barely two percent of the German market. International expansion continued in the second half of the 1990s, as the company opened some 60 or more stores per year. Finland was the next market to be tapped, in 1997; the following year, France became the companys new frontier. In 1998 six Hamp;M stores appeared in France, primarily in Paris and surrounding areas. Some analysts wondered whether Hamp;Ms low-priced fashion concept would appeal to the more snobbish French clothing shopper, and questioned whether the companys success among Northern European countries would translate to the southern European markets. Indeed, Hamp;M had remained notably absent from Italy and Spain, two of the most important European retail clothing marketsperhaps the company had sought to avoid head-to-head battles with similar concept brands Zara, of Spain, and Benetton, of Italy. Nonetheless, in April 1999, the company announced its intention to enter the Spanish market by the end of the year, with two or three as a start. At the same time, the company announced its intention to reinvigorate its struggling British operation, with calls for opening a large number of new stores and to update a number of its existing locations. Throughout its history, Hamp;M had remained entirely in its European base. In 1999, however, the company judged the time auspicious for a U. S. entry, with the first stores expected to open in early 2000. It remained to be seen if the company could successfully re-import the formula of low-priced, quality fashions that had provided the inspiration for its own beginnings more than 50 years before. Seven commitments Hamp;M has defined seven ambitious commitments on sustainability which we work hard every day to achieve. 1 Provide fashion for conscious customers Our business idea is to offer fashion and quality at the best price. To us, ‘quality’ includes that our products should be produced, transported and sold with care for people and the environment. Our customers are at the core of everything we do and our success depends on our ability to deliver what they want. 2 Choose and reward responsible partners Hamp;M does not own any of the factories that manufacture our products. Instead, production takes place at around 1,800 factories that are owned or subcontracted by almost 800 suppliers. 3 Be ethical Our ethical approach is firmly rooted in our corporate values. We take a clear stand against all forms of corruption and regard our diversity as an asset. Our employees are key to our success and it’s vital for us to retain our committed and talented colleagues, and as we grow to attract even more such people. As a result, we want to ensure that we are a fair partner to them as well as to our suppliers. As a minimum, we comply with all relevant laws and regulations and, beyond that, we aim to act ethically in everything we do. 4 Be climate smart Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time. Like many other organisations, we have a keen interest in tackling this – and a responsibility to do so. And as for many businesses, energy use and transport are unavoidable. We do, however, work hard to be as energy efficient as possible. And for the energy use we cannot avoid, we ultimately strive to use renewable energy only. Our goal is to reduce our operations’ total emissions by 2015 – despite our continued growth of 10 to 15 percent new stores each year. 5 Reduce, reuse, recycle Making the most of the resources we use and avoiding waste is central to our business idea. Avoiding unnecessary material use and applying smart methods to reuse and recycle helps reduce waste. But it also helps to decrease the need for virgin resources. Both mean fewer environmental impacts – and it can save money, too. 6 Use natural resources responsibly From using cotton to transporting finished garments and lighting our stores, Hamp;M is a consumer of natural resources. We depend on them throughout our value chain to do business and meet the needs of our customers. However, increasing scarcity of some resources globally, like oil and minerals, and regionally, like water or agricultural land, means that access to these vital inputs for our business cannot be taken for granted.