Essay --

Andrew Almeida Huck Finn Self Reliance This statement from Lauren Oliver says a lot on the attitude of Huck Finní ¾ â€Å"I’d maybe kick the bucket my way over live yours.† Huck Finn is a small child experiencing childhood in at a disorganized time in America. Numerous thoughts and inclination are either constrained upon him or he has no assistance yet encountering. Instead of enduring this Huck concludes he would be in an ideal situation on his own instead of attempting to adjust to every other person's measures. Living without anyone else lead to a lot a bigger number of difficulties and contradicting powers than a child of just 13 ought to must be confronted with. This lead to Huck being more adult than different children his age since he needed to continually depend on himself to take care of his issues and think of his own spirits on what is good and bad without the direction from others.Along with how this changed Huck as a individual regardless. Huck Finn is an exceptionally free character. Being without a dad figure and guardians of any sort drives him to need to grow up without anyone else. In doing so making a character who is ready to respond and settle on choices to assist himself with escaping the wreckage he or his companions have gotten him into. Huck at such a youthful age is compelled to search for jim to direction on the stream be that as it may, Jim is not any more instructed than Huck is. This prompts Huck just lead himself yet additionally attempt and play an influential position to get Jim to security. An incredible case of where Huck can assume control over his destiny by making a detailed story is when he is on shore dressed as a young lady. He is trapped in an untruth however as opposed to taking a chance with the destiny of Jim he thinks brisk and saysí ¾Ã¢â‚¬  I revealed to her my dad and mom was dead, and the law had bound me out to a mean old rancher in the nation thirty mile once again from the stream, and he rewarded... ...hing on the grounds that he can do everything himself. No one at that timeframe in the south was eager to support him so he just made the wisest decision with no alert concerning whether not individuals would pass judgment on him Í ¾Well, I did. I said I wouldn't, and I'll stick to it. Genuine INJUN, I will. Individuals would consider me a lowdown Abolitionist and detest me for keeping mumâ€but that don't have no effect. I ain't agoing to tell, and I ain't agoing back there, at any rate. Along these lines, presently, le's thoroughly understand it. (8.52, 8.53). This confidence and division from society is the thing that permits Huck to be all the more tolerating of new thoughts and at last is the thing that makes this story happens in any case. Without Huck’s self dependence none of this ever would have been conceivable and Huck would have in all likelihood never left the modest community with his alcoholic killjoy father and slave claiming Miss.Watson and Miss.Douglas.

The French Revolution Essay -- European History

The French Revolution The French Revolution was one of the most awful accidents in mankind's history. More than 7,000,000 individuals may have kicked the bucket thus. The quick explanation was the budgetary emergency brought about by French help for the American Revolution. France contributed 2 billion bits of silver to win the war. Her duty framework could just help the administration during harmony. A war called for phenomenal measures. This was the start of the primary period of the upset, which is alluded to as the Aristocratic Revolution. The blue-bloods considered this to be as a chance to reassert their capacity. The French Finance Minister, Necker (1776-1781) didn’t utilize new tax assessment to back the war, he acquired the cash. In 1781, he distributed the Compte Rendu †which was the primary financial plan the individuals of France had ever observed. It demonstrated a spending overflow of ten million bits of silver and Necker was hailed as a legend of the Enlightenment all through Europe. His spending plan, notwithstanding, was a manufacture. France was really 80,000,000 bits of silver paying off debtors. When Calonne became money serve in 1783, he found over portion of France’s salary went to pay the enthusiasm on the obligation and the obligation was expanding at the pace of 100,000,000 every year. Before long France would not have the option to get any more cash. She needed to either renounce the obligation or find new charges. Renouncing the obligation was not feasible in light of the fact that legislatures must have the option to get cash. They have to acquire to overcome any barrier between the yearly appearance of assessment incomes. The main course open was to discover new tax collection. The issue was who to burden? The laborers and craftsmans were at that point burdened as far as possible. New duties would need to be put on the nobility and the ministry. The Parlement enrolled new orders and the respectability controlled it. The issue would get the expenses through the Parlement. Calonne assembled a get together of notables in 1787, planning to pick up force for change. The notables wouldn't back the new duties, since they didn’t accept there was a shortage. The notables trusted Necker’s Compte Rendu. Calonne and Necker exchanged charges and abuse and King Louis XVI terminated Calonne. Louise XVI recruited the leader of the notables †Brienne †to be his new fund serve in 1787. Brienne audited the spending plan and understood that Calonne had been coming clean, however when he introduced his case to the notables, ... ...ear, not famous help. Executions kept on expanding (258 in April of 1794, 345 in May, and 688 in June) and contrasts in the Committee got hopeless. On July 27, 1794 Robespierre was yelled down in the National Convention while offering a discourse to response assaults against his approaches. Cries of "Down with the tyrant" were raised and Robespierre's capture was announced. Robespierre and his adherents got away, however were later caught. He and 19 of his supporters were executed July 28, 1794. The frontispiece from this enemy of Robespierre work, Almanach des Prisons, portrays the aftereffects of the Reign of Terror under Robespierre's administration. The different heaps of heads are marked as follows: "Clergy," "Parliment," "Nobles," "Constitution" (supporters of the Constitution), "Legislature," "Convention," and "People." Note that the biggest stack is for the "People" or overall population, as opposed to for the church or privileged, stressing one of the cases against Robespierre's system. The figure on the framework is Robespierre guillotining himself! ________________________________________

Social Media Usage Global Statistics

Social Media Usage Global Statistics Social Media Usage: Global Statistics Here at the TopUniversities.com team, we’re super excited to announce the launch of our very first ‘Students’ Online Usage: Global Market Trends Report’, which you can download (totally free!) here. Based on a survey of students and prospective students around the world, the report looks at trends in internet, device and social media usage use across different age groups and regions.For me, some of the most striking results were the statistics on social media usage. OK, so we all know social media is a big deal â€" but would you have guessed that in every region surveyed, more than half of respondents said they use five major social networks ‘all the time’?The image above shows the percentage in each region who said they use Facebook all the time â€" for the statistics for Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Pinterest, get the full report here.Other than the extremely high levels of social media usage reported, other results that caught my eye were:YouTube seems to be the most popular social network in Asia, Europe, and the US CanadaRespondents in Africa generally reported lower social media usage â€" with the exception of FacebookRespondents in Latin America reported the highes t usage across nearly all networks (just beaten on Pinterest by the US Canada)What else did we find out? Well, there were some clear differences in social media usage depending on age, and also some interesting trends once we started comparing individual countries. And my personal favorite part of the report was when we asked respondents why they use social networks… But that’s for another blog post!Stay tuned for more key findings, or download the full (2014) report now.

Factors That Influence On Air Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 541 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Air pollution is a very delicate issue and is the fourth-largest threat to human health nowadays. Many people believe that air pollution does not have any kind of impact on their lives due to the fact that it does not affect them on the daily basis. However, not taking good care of the air we breath can cause tragic consequences to the planet and to human health in the long run, and it might be too late to find a solution when it gets to this point. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors That Influence On Air Pollution" essay for you Create order It is very important to think about the welfare of the environment in every single aspect because, at the end of the day, the planet Earth is our home. It is also where our kids and future generation will live, so we must take actions in order to prevent diseases and many other issues that come along with the pollution of the air. The most important question is: what can we do in order to protect our planet? Air Pollution is the result of the releasement of large amounts of liquid and gases into the atmosphere that cause environmental impact and human health problems. These polluting substances include industrial dust, aerosols, black smoke, solvents, acids and hydrocarbons. However, the most serious damage that Air Pollution causes is certainly towards human health. We are often being exposed to a large amount of smoke and we do not realize that many diseases, such as cancer, are related to this excessive exposure. This type of pollution is related to the decreasement of effectiveness of the mucociliary system of our nostrils. It also deteriorates asthma symptoms, upper respiratory infections, and incidence of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Also, research shows that children and the elderly are the most vulnerable, and are often being hospitalized, mainly with respiratory diseases. One of the biggest parts of the air pollution is caused by means of transportation. Cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles and all sorts of boats and planes cause two types of environmental problems: it contributes to the greenhouse effect because it emits carbon dioxide (CO2), and puts public health at risk by polluting the atmosphere with extremely toxic gases and particles. In order to increase the number of transportation, it is necessary to seek solutions that discourage the use of individual transportation, such as cars. A good beginning would be to invest more money on the infrastructure of public transport technology, as well as providing incentives to increase walking and cycling. Therefore, decreasing the number of vehicles of transportation we see on the streets plays a big hole on the amount of pollution we are releasing into the air we breath. Another factor that plays a huge hole in air pollution is the emission of fossil fuels by industries. The presence of these pollutants in the air can cause various respiratory disorders in humans. Depending on the type of pollutant and its intensity of contact, people can even develop a cancer and have their reproductive and immune systems damaged. In the nature, the emission of sulphur aggravates the risk of acid rain. Also, other gases increase the average temperature of the earth, which can lead to the melting of the polar ice caps, among other problems that threaten fauna and flora.

Overcoming Challenges Of The Honors College At Villanova

Education is about uncovering who we really are through overcoming challenges that encourage us to constantly ask questions. Introspection allows us to achieve a deeper understanding, remain open minded, and develop direction in our lives. Joining the Honors College at Villanova would extract and develop my authenticity, making me a better person both in and out of the classroom. Joining the Honors College will develop my authenticity, not in the sense that I will be a more honest person, but rather, that I will know more about myself and have better reasoning behind my beliefs. The challenging course load that Honors Students face requires a deeper level of reflection. Students must not only know the material, but have a solid foundation behind it. This forces students to question their worldly views, resulting in a reformed person both socially and academically. Striving for a deeper understanding requires my views to constantly evolve. A dangerous trap that people often fall into is becoming closed minded. The key to learning and authenticity is keeping an open mind. It is impossible to be authentic without accepting the possibility to change. Accepting change is an imperative aspect of human development. Honors classes encourage students to question the norm and not to rule out the improbable. Students are forced to maintain an open-mind as their ideas are challenged every class. Learning is a lifelong process. People are always growing and changing, muchShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Coping withRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAsk your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-use assignments and presentations www.wiley.com/college/quickstart Technical Support 24/7 FAQs, online chat, and phone support www.wileyplus.com/support Your WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human

How Does the United Nations Support Environmental...

Introduction About the United Nations The United Nations is an international organization, which was founded in 1945 after the Second World War, committed to providing the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting human beings all over the world (Wikipedia). The organization is committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights (Wikipedia). ‘Ensuring environmental sustainability’, climate change being one of the major factors, is one of the millennium development goals of the UN. The United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, along with many organizations/agencies under the UN, collaboratively work towards achieving this goal. About the Chosen Aspect of Study ‘How does the United Nations support the millennium development goal of promoting environmental sustainability by limiting climate change in South and North America?’ This investigation shall focus on the previously mentioned question as this a very interesting topic to further research on, also as I believe that the UN has played an enormous role in promoting environmental sustainability in South and North America, and therefore would make a good topic to further research on. This topic is worthy of studying as by knowing of what many before us have done to protect and sustain the environment, we can look into aiding the environment to aShow MoreRelatedThe UN Promoting Environmental Sustainability1733 Words   |  7 PagesAction Plan How will you decide which aspect of the UN to look at? I will decide which aspect of the UN to look at, by firstly looking into the different aspects of the UN, which are related to geography, about which I can write. 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This global collective action problem does not stress the degree to which environmental improvements rests with individual nation action and also

History of HM free essay sample

Mauritz AB (Hamp;M) is a Swedish multinational retail-clothing company, known for its fast-fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children. Hamp;M exists in 43 countries and as of 2011 employed around 94,000 people. [2] The first store was opened on the high street of Vasteras, Sweden in 1947. [3] It had 2,325 stores at end of 2011 and 2,629 stores at end of August 2012. [4] It is ranked the second largest global clothing retailer, just behind Spain-based Inditex (parent company of ZARA), and leads over third largest global clothing retailer, United States based GAP Inc. The design team in the company’s Sweden office controls the steps of production, from merchandise planning to establishing specifications, and production is outsourced to approximately 800 factories in Europe and Asia. These facilities are used for horizontal division of labor, rather than being integrated Locations [edit] Asia [edit] The Middle East [edit] Hamp;M store in the Ginza district in Tokyo, Japan The company opened its first Asian store (also the companys first franchise) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in 2006. It followed with a store in the Salmiya district of Kuwait City, Kuwait. In 2008, it opened its doors in Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi arabia. China [edit] It expanded into East Asia in March 2007, with its first store opening in the city of Hong Kong on 10 March 2007. Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue opened that store where she also exclusively launched her range of swimwear, Hamp;M loves Kylie. The first location in the city of Shanghai was opened in 2007. [citation needed] There are a total of 114 stores in China. (2012) Japan [edit] The first Japanese store was opened in Ginza on 13 September 2008, while a second store was opened in Harajuku in November 2008. Another store was opened in the Shibuya shopping district on 19 September 2009. [6] South Korea [edit] On 25 February 2009, the company announced that it had signed an agreement to open its first store in South Korea, located in the Myeongdong district of Seoul, and that it was scheduled to open during Spring 2010. [7] Israel [edit] The first Israeli store opened in Tel Aviv in 2010, followed by five more stores across the country,[8] including a branch at the Malha Mall in Jerusalem. Hamp;Ms steady growthwhich has seen its sales double in the four years between 1994 and 1998can be expected to continue, with new store openings averaging some 60 per year. The company has only just begun to tap its growth potential. In Germany, the company represents less than two percent of the total retail clothing market; Hamp;M remains similarly limited in England, where the companys market share is less than 0. 5 percent. Hamp;Ms expansion has barely touched such major clothing markets as France, Italy, and Spain. The company has been moving to fill out its southern European map, however. In 1998 the company entered France with six stores in Paris. Spain was added to the list in 1999, with the proposed opening of three stores. Hamp;M is also making its first forays into the United States, a market already somewhat crowded with retailers marketing a similar conceptfashionable, low-priced, quality clothing targeted especially at 25- to 35-year-olds but extended also to include children and mature shoppers. Plans to open the companys first U.S. stores were announced in April 1999. In Europe, the companys chief competition remains the Spain-based Zara chain, the U. S. -based Gap chain, and, to a more limited extent, Italys Benetton. Hamp;M operates under the strategy of Fashion and quality at the best price. Hamp;M stores are closely guided from the companys Stockholm headquarters to achieve a uniform conceptit is said that a sweater featured in a window display in London will be featured in exac tly the same way in Reykjavik and all other Hamp;M stores. Such control over its image has enabled Hamp;M to build a consistent brand appeal throughout the wholly company-owned chain. Hamp;Ms low-debt, cash-rich position enables it to respond quickly to developing trends. New clothing products are introduced on a near-daily basisbreaking the traditional seasonal stock rotation found in the retail clothing industry. Clothing items rarely remain on Hamp;Ms shelves for more than a month; this rotation encourages repeat shopping. Hamp;M also controls the fashions featured in its stores: almost all of its clothing sales fall under the companys own range of brand designs. The company employs a staff of more than 50 designers, who create the designs for such Hamp;M brands as Hennes (which means hers in Swedish), Woman Collection, and LOGG, for women; Uptown; LOGG, and Contemporary for men; Rocky, Rocky Girl, and Impuls for teenagers; and Baby Baby, LOGG, Rocky, and C-Dept for children. The company also sells cosmetics under the Hamp;M Cosmetics, FOB (Face of Beauty), ResQ, Steele, Magnum, and Basic Spa brand names. Hamp;M does not manufacture its own clothing but instead works with some 1,600 suppliers, principally in Europe and Asia, under strict quality and other human resource standards. Hamp;M continues to be majority controlled by the founding Persson family, who own some 70 percent of the companys stock. In 1998, however, chief architect of the companys expansion Stefan Persson was named the companys executive chairman. In his stead as managing director, the company has placed Fabian Mansson, former buying director. Forming a Fashion Empire in the 1940s Hamp;M was founded as Hennes in 1947 by Erling Persson. A former salesman and founder of another company, Pennspecialisten, in Vasteras, Sweden, Persson had discovered a new retail clothing store concept during a trip to the United States. Persson decided to import this retail conceptthat of high turnover produced by low pricesamp;mdasho Sweden. From the first Hennes store, which featured exclusively womens clothing, opened in Vasteras, Hennes expanded throughout Sweden, covering much of the country through the 1960s. Hennes also began to export its low-price clothing concept, beginning with neighbor Norway in 1964, and joined by Denmark in 1967. By the end of the 1960s, Hennes looked to extend its range beyond womens clothing. The company also sought further expansion in Stockholm. These two goals were fulfilled with the purchase, in 1968, of Mauritz Widforss, a hunting and gun shop on Stockholms Sergelgatan. As part of the purchase, Hennes also received a large stock of mensamp;mdash? imarily sportswearclothing items. These were quickly added to the companys retail offering; the companys name was changed to Hennes amp; Mauritz to reflect its expanded product range. At the same time, Hennes amp; Mauritz added a line of childrens clothing to its stores, so that, by 1970, the company offered clothing for much of the family (two more segments, teenagers and babies, were added in 1976 and 1978, respectively). The Mauritz addition did more than add its name and expand the companys clothing range. It helped transform the companys product offering itself. The introduction of sportswear led the company to develop clothing that better reflected the spirit of the times, as a new generation of youth clamored for clothing that allowed them to express their individuality. Hamp;M began to develop the casual, down-to-earth yet fashionable image that proved a success in its later expansion. Seeking further growth, the company made a new acquisition in 1973, buying up fellow Swedish company Bekladnadskompaniet. In the next year, as Hamp;M prepared further foreign growth, the company went public with a listing on the Stockholm stock exchange. The Persson family, however, retained the largest share of the company stock, leaving control securely in the familys hands. During the 1970s, Hamp;M began to look beyond its Scandinavian base. In 1976 the company entered the British marketamp;mdasho mixed results. While Hamp;Ms British growth long remained limited, reaching just 25 in the late 1990s, the company posted better results on the European  continent. At home, the company acquired the Rowells mail-order company, which became the base for Hamp;M Rowells, the companys mail-order subsidiary. The next move for Hamp;M was to Switzerland, where the companys stores quickly became a mainstay in that countrys major cities. Switzerland became one of Hamp;Ms principal foreign markets. In 1980 Hamp;M launched its first German store. The Hamp;M concept somewhat revolutionized the German clothing retail market, which was described as having remained rather stodgy. Hamp;Ms informality also raised some ripples in Germany, as employees were more than encouraged to drop the formal Sie form in their conversations with other employees. Nevertheless, the Hamp;M concept caught on well with the German consumer at a time when few other retail brands existed on the German retail scene. Global Fashion for the 1990s A new generation took the lead of Hamp;M when Erling Persson turned over the companys managing director position to his son Stefan Persson. Under the younger Persson, Hamp;M continued its international expansion, while retaining tight control of the Hamp;M image. Hamp;M continued to expand its presence in its existing markets throughout the 1980s, steadily opening new stores. By the 1990s, Hamp;M would grow to become one of the largest retailers in Sweden and that countrys fifth largest company. In the late 1980s, Hamp;M attempted to diversify its brand line by opening the Galne Gunnar (Crazy Gunnar) chain of cut-price stores. After expanding the chain to 18 stores in Sweden, the company decided to abandon the concept after ten years, redeveloping the existing Galne Gunnar stores as Hamp;M stores. Sticking with the Hamp;M name appeared to be the most profitable future for the company. Growth of the Hamp;M chain, particularly in foreign expansion, stepped up dramatically in the 1990s. The time was ripe for what Stefan Persson described as global fashion. Persson had been quick to recognize the emergence of fashions and trendsborn of MTV, Hollywood, Madison Avenue advertising, and the Internetthat transcended national borders to become fads among youth and other age groups across the world. Hamp;M, with its emphasis on uniformity among its stores, was well-positioned to appeal to this new generation of consumers. As a nod perhaps to the times, the  company also created a new line of clothes, under the BiB (Big is Beautiful) brand name. The companys international expansion stepped up in earnest. After opening in the Netherlands in 1989, the company moved into Belgium (1992), Austria (1994), and Luxembourg (1996). By 1994, the companys sales had topped SKr 13. 5 billion; more than 70 percent of sales came from beyond Sweden. That same year the companys German store s overtook Sweden to become Hamp;Ms largest single market. By the end of the decade, Germany would represent more than double the companys Swedish salesdespite Hamp;Ms barely two percent of the German market. International expansion continued in the second half of the 1990s, as the company opened some 60 or more stores per year. Finland was the next market to be tapped, in 1997; the following year, France became the companys new frontier. In 1998 six Hamp;M stores appeared in France, primarily in Paris and surrounding areas. Some analysts wondered whether Hamp;Ms low-priced fashion concept would appeal to the more snobbish French clothing shopper, and questioned whether the companys success among Northern European countries would translate to the southern European markets. Indeed, Hamp;M had remained notably absent from Italy and Spain, two of the most important European retail clothing marketsperhaps the company had sought to avoid head-to-head battles with similar concept brands Zara, of Spain, and Benetton, of Italy. Nonetheless, in April 1999, the company announced its intention to enter the Spanish market by the end of the year, with two or three as a start. At the same time, the company announced its intention to reinvigorate its struggling British operation, with calls for opening a large number of new stores and to update a number of its existing locations. Throughout its history, Hamp;M had remained entirely in its European base. In 1999, however, the company judged the time auspicious for a U. S. entry, with the first stores expected to open in early 2000. It remained to be seen if the company could successfully re-import the formula of low-priced, quality fashions that had provided the inspiration for its own beginnings more than 50 years before. Seven commitments Hamp;M has defined seven ambitious commitments on sustainability which we work hard every day to achieve. 1 Provide fashion for conscious customers Our business idea is to offer fashion and quality at the best price. To us, ‘quality’ includes that our products should be produced, transported and sold with care for people and the environment. Our customers are at the core of everything we do and our success depends on our ability to deliver what they want. 2 Choose and reward responsible partners Hamp;M does not own any of the factories that manufacture our products. Instead, production takes place at around 1,800 factories that are owned or subcontracted by almost 800 suppliers. 3 Be ethical Our ethical approach is firmly rooted in our corporate values. We take a clear stand against all forms of corruption and regard our diversity as an asset. Our employees are key to our success and it’s vital for us to retain our committed and talented colleagues, and as we grow to attract even more such people. As a result, we want to ensure that we are a fair partner to them as well as to our suppliers. As a minimum, we comply with all relevant laws and regulations and, beyond that, we aim to act ethically in everything we do. 4 Be climate smart Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time. Like many other organisations, we have a keen interest in tackling this – and a responsibility to do so. And as for many businesses, energy use and transport are unavoidable. We do, however, work hard to be as energy efficient as possible. And for the energy use we cannot avoid, we ultimately strive to use renewable energy only. Our goal is to reduce our operations’ total emissions by 2015 – despite our continued growth of 10 to 15 percent new stores each year. 5 Reduce, reuse, recycle Making the most of the resources we use and avoiding waste is central to our business idea. Avoiding unnecessary material use and applying smart methods to reuse and recycle helps reduce waste. But it also helps to decrease the need for virgin resources. Both mean fewer environmental impacts – and it can save money, too. 6 Use natural resources responsibly From using cotton to transporting finished garments and lighting our stores, Hamp;M is a consumer of natural resources. We depend on them throughout our value chain to do business and meet the needs of our customers. However, increasing scarcity of some resources globally, like oil and minerals, and regionally, like water or agricultural land, means that access to these vital inputs for our business cannot be taken for granted.

Importance of Drug Therapy in Management of Alzheimers disease

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia characterized by decreased cognitive and functional abilities. Mostly, it affects elderly people from the age of 50-65. Alzheimer’s progresses gradually and early symptoms are not easily identified.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Importance of Drug Therapy in Management of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the early symptoms of the disease include memory impairment where the individual experiences difficulty remembering new information (Cappel et al., 2010). Moderate stage of the disease is characterized by confusion, functional impairment and behavioral changes. The economic burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease is high. This includes both direct and indirect medical costs. Rapid disease progression is the main catalyst for escalated medical costs. One method that can be used to curb the escalati on of the cost associated with the disease is early introduction of drug therapy. Several drugs have licensed by FDA in the treatment and management of the disease. They include Memantine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Galantine (Cappel et al., 2010). Although they do not cure the disease, these drugs are instrumental controlling the progression of the disease. The paper explores the economic burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease and importance of early introduction of drug therapy Discussion Economic Burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease The economic burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease can be put into two major categories including clinical severity and residential status. Clinical severity explores the disease’s impact on the individual cognitive abilities and consequent behavioral changes. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) is used establish the severity of Alzheimer’s disease (Cappel et al., 2010). The test’s total s core is 30 points where 21-26 score is considered mild Alzheimer’s, 10-20 is considered moderate Alzheimer’s and 10 score is considered severe Alzheimer’s.Advertising Looking for article on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Several studies in countries such as the UK and France have indicated that one point increase in MMSE results in cost increase. Therefore, early introduction of drug therapy derails the progression of the disease and thus results in substantial cost savings. Cost savings are established on the basis of comparison of cost of drugs to the cost incurred in absence of drug therapy. Alzheimer’s disease results in increased behavioral changes (Cappel et al., 2010).. Behavioral changes caused by dementia are measured using the Neuro-psychiatric inventory (NPI). Most studies indicate that an increase one point results in increased costs associated with the disease. Howeve r, most studies focused on mild Alzheimer’s patients thus limited data on moderate and severe Alzheimer’s patients. Residential status is associated with the transfer of Alzheimer’s patients to such places as nursing homes. This is the case for severe Alzheimer’s patients needing round- the- clock care (Cappel et al., 2010). Direct costs incurred as a result of placement in a nursing home include caregiver fees that are charged by the home. In other cases, Alzheimer patients remain at home where family members are assigned duties to take care of them. In this case, the concept of opportunity cost applies where the family member has to forego a productive activity to take care of the Alzheimer’s patient. Drug Therapy Drug therapy can be analyzed using both clinical and pharmaeconomical outcomes. Memantine controls the production of glutamate. Increased levels of glutamate can cause neuronal dysfunction (Cappel et al., 2010).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Importance of Drug Therapy in Management of Alzheimer’s disease specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies have shown that patients who switch from placebo to memantine showed reduced progression of the disease especially the effect on their cognitive abilities. Donepezil has been associated with decreased disease progression affecting such areas as cognitive and functioning abilities. Continued administration of rivastigmine among patients with moderate Alzheimer’s resulted in improved MMSE scores. Galantamine effects have not been well explored but patients under the drug reported improved SIB scores (Cappel et al., 2010). Pharmaeconomical outcomes are related to the either drug therapy in comparison to cost incurred by patients on placebo trial. Use of drugs increased the treatment costs incurred by the Alzheimer’s patients. However, in comparison to costs associated with rapid pr ogression such placement and caregiver cost, significant cost savings were identified. This underscores the importance of early intervention that results in cost savings. Conclusion The effects of Alzheimer’s disease can be controlled by early detection. This includes introduction of drug therapy that inhibits the disease’s progression. Most studies are based on the effects of drug therapy mild Alzheimer’s patients. Therefore, there is need for more research on effect of drug therapy on moderate and severe Alzheimer’s disease patients. Reference Cappel, J., Hermann, N., Cornish, S., Lanctot, K. (2010). The Pharmacoeconomics of Cognitive Enhancers in Moderate to Severe Alzheimer’s Disease. CNSDcugs, 24(ll), 909-927Advertising Looking for article on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article on Importance of Drug Therapy in Management of Alzheimer’s disease was written and submitted by user Ryann Acosta to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

webpage essays

webpage essays We are standing on the precipice of a new culture? Sceptical, questioning connected with the world, thirsting for information and change. Technology is driving society at a pace unparalleled in history creating new attitudes, interrelationships, and global awareness. A new consumer is emerging, suspicious of traditional media sources, incredulous of advertising, and contemptuous of the contrived the hyped, the false. This consumer is not easily persuaded by clever graphics or manipulated by fads in design. In order to integrate all aspects of a brands presentation on a web-site, the designer must move beyond form, colour and type and embrace the comprehensive impact of design. Enhanced awareness of the world; deeper, broader thinking about problems and opportunities; a respect for the historical roots of and formal conventions of design; planning and diligent study are required to create interesting global web-site designs. To identify web-site designs that work, and to identify the reasons to why they work. With the increasing number of web-sites that are coming online daily, in order for them to work, they are more dependent on good design for attracting readership than print is. By examination of the most frequently visited web-sites, and although a historical approach with reference to print in design. Web sites need to be far better designed than anything in the print medium, due to the very interdisciplinary nature of the web-site. Because a magazine with even minimum design gets its information across to the reader. You buy it because you care about the issues in its headlines, if you want more you jump inside, print by its nature is a tactile phenonenom; touch, smell and accessibility, and it is for that reason it will never die. But web-sites are purely visual and aural, one screen at a time. Encouraging the viewer to go beyond the first layer, even learn where to go for wha...

Nursing Change initiative paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Change initiative paper - Essay Example This paper will discuss the change effort to be made in one institution, Comanche Regional Hospital. Most people that have a change issue in their company are aware that a change needs to happen. They begin to get complaints or sales fall off. In the case of Comanche Regional Hospital the bottom line is running in the red and the turnover rate of new motivated managers is very high because of the age and beliefs of the older senior team running the facility. Even when there is a need for change as great as this one, however, complacency is most often the problem (Kotter, 1996). Urgency, at this stage must be created. In this case, there is a huge barrier and that is the mature management team that has been there for some time and talks a lot about change but never sees it happen. The next step in this case is the board. Creating a sense of urgency demands risky action. Going to a board meeting with a group of recent department directors who turned over quickly and customers that have in the past used the hospital is the move in this case that will create urgency the fastest. At the same time take a well created report to a management meeting showing how the bottom line is dropping off, how many jobs will be lost in what departments (it is much more urgent for a department director who must go to his staff and tell them they are laid off) and show over the last two years the number of department directors that have been hired and who have left the organization. Relate that to the cost of recruiting, hiring, and orienting this group. Continue by showing where the hospital could be as far as raises and incentives and management bonus if the bottom line is improved and that money is not spent recruiting the same positions all the time. Most recently there has been a very poor JCAHO review which came close to causing a closure of the facility. This has created a sense of urgency in itself and because of that and that we will create it is time to strike. Create a Coalition In every organization there are formal and informal leaders. Those people must be identified at this time as they will need to be on the guiding coalition. There are two champions that have influence and could be chosen at this time. One is Dr. Ben who has general influence in the hospital as well as in the community. He is well liked and retired from practice but working closely with other physicians. The other is Dr. Dale who is the head of the hospitalist program and this year will be Chief of Staff. Nurse D will be added to the list as she is a manager of the medical departments and has a good ability to work well with management as well as the nurses and staff. She is highly respected. Nurse A is the department director for the critical care units and due to the fact that she is fairly new to the hospital and has led successful change in her past, she is a great addition to this coalition. JP is a board member who has good communication skills among all of the different faction s and has respect on both side of the boundaries. He will provide the coalition with more power and be able to carry what is needed back to the board. Each of the other seats will be filled by staff people who have been progressive in stepping out of the box to improve things in their

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring Essay

Project Analysis and Planning, Project Execution, Project Monitoring and Control, Project Risk and Change Management - Essay Example They have helped most of the biggest brands in the world acquire huge profits. Some of these brands are Ducati, Revion, Southwest Airlines and the New York stock exchange. High standards are set by the Board of Directors for personnel at VMware creating room for acquiring the best results. The Board follows a set of guidelines that are in the company’s best interests and within the laws set in place in the United States of America. (VMware.Inc, 2014) Virtualization software has four main objectives. Use of more hardware resources than before, reduction in cost of management and resources, improves flexibility of businesses, security and downtime. Earlier, hardware resources were not being put to full use. Computers could be hooked up to different servers but through using virtualization infrastructure, computers can be hooked to one main server and still perform operations efficiently. In fact, computer operations become more efficient. Resource and Management costs are reduced when businesses use a virtualized system. Creating more room for physical computer servers in organizations is eliminated due to the fact that a virtualized system accumulates very little room as the system acts as one physical server for all computers in the organization. Therefore, costs for creating more room are eliminated. (AJ Muller, 2005) Flexibility of businesses is achieved when using virtualization through elimination of cost used to set up space for additional computers when a business needs to expand its workstations. Virtualization is easier to set up and requires no additional expenses in hardware and extra space. Improvement in security and reduced downtime are another one of the objectives of virtualization. In the event that a computer crashes, retrieving software becomes very difficult if the computers do not have a virtualized infrastructure causing increased costs in rectifying the problem and downtime before the problem has

An Internal Analysis Of General Motors

An Internal Analysis Of General Motors General Motors is the international company; the global market share is estimated at 12.5 percent as of 2008 (General Motor, no date), therefore, base on the global market coverage, it can benefit from many regional countries, to allow better access to resources, talents and knowledge.. According to Boston Consulting Group, General Motors is one of the 25 most innovative companies in 2008, it arises from the concept cars like the electric Volt and a renewed focus on design. The workforce is value driven and understands the business mission and vision. 1.2 Intangible resources The intangible resources of the organization are its brand image and its reputation. General Motors has its strong reputation for innovation and new products in the automotives market. This means that customers will often associate the brand with new technology and products. 1.3 Core competencies General Motors core competencies including innovation. They constantly strive to deliver new and exciting products to the market, and human resources. General Motors have a well prepared knowledge and flexible workforce who is concentrated on reaching business goals. General Motors starts recommending vehicle installed OnStar satellite in case of an emergency or theft.(Onstar, no date) 2 Factors affecting the Automotive Industry (PESTEL Analysis) 2.1 Political The safer vehicle and the environment in the American market is not restricted at a great disadvantage. Government and authorities in the region made efforts to regulate, eventually start the implement and set the laws and regulation since the 1960s (L.S. Robertson, 2006) 2.2 Economic According the number of studies (Catherine Rampell, 2008), is the major user of steel, iron, lead, plastics, vinyl, rubber, aluminum, textiles, and computer chips. The study also mentioned that for each autoworker there are seven other jobs created in other industries. 2.3 Sociocultural The consumer automotive market, especially the vehicles market, used to be dominated by men but nowadays is not true. Marketing strategies are also focusing on emotions. The presence of women in the market shall turn out as fallback to cushion declining sales On the other hand, young consumers increase their spending power by working in a part-time job or by receiving larger allowance from their increasingly financially successful parents. 2.4 Technology the internet has a great impact on every industry in the anywhere and has also affect the automobile industry. According to the J.D. Power and associates 2006 New Autoshopper.com Study, 59% of the buyers referred to the internet before making their purchases and out of that 59%, 85% of the serious buyers visit the manufactures website before going to the dealer for a test drive. 2.5 Environmental On 30th November 2007, the business leaders of 150 global companies published a communiquà © to world leaders calling for a comprehensive, legally binding United Nations framework to tackle climate change. In fact, there is a programme in which WWF and businesses collaborate to show leadership in addressing climate change. 3. Porters Five Force Anaylsis 3.1 Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants is relatively low. This is mainly due to the fact that it will cost a new company a lot of investment cost and know how to enter the automotive market. 3.2 Threat of substitute products Tthe coverage of destination is limited, besides, bus, metro, taxi are not products that can replace the vehicle. Therefore, the threat of substitute products is relatively low to moderate 3.3 Bargaining power of suppliers Due to the fact that suppliers are united, they are a very strong threat in the automotive market, nevertheless, the United Auto Worker, the only supplier of labor, has exerted a great deal of the leverage over the benefits and wages provided by the big three, therefore we can conclude that the bargaining power of supplier is strong. 3.4 Bargaining power of buyers As we look at consumer behavior when buying vehicles the conclusion can be made that their power is relatively low. Mainly the reason for this low power is because individual consumer has some power over price within a given dealership, but low power over manufacturers. 3.5 Competitive rivalry within the industry Due to the fact that there is a intense completion going on in the auto industry the rivalry within the automotive market is high. There are a lot of choice and intense competition in internet sales that can damage a company when they dont keep up with their competitors. See appendix 1 for more information. Summary Porters Five Forces Framework Porter (1980) http://dpj.typepad.co.uk/entrepreneur_zest/images/2008/03/26/porters_five_forces.gif 4. SWOT Analysis 4.1 Strengths 4.1.1 Large Market Share Although GMs market share in the US has declined, it still retains a competitive 21.5 percent in 2008. They also start to penetrate the Chinese customer automotives market and gain an increasing share. 4.1.2 Global Experience They have already been a global company for almost 100 years now and have established themselves as the global leader for most of them, they already have global experience. 4.1.3 Variety of Brand Names GM has been the automotive leader for the majority of the last century. The current GM brands included: Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, Daewoo, Opel, and Holden. 4.1.4 GMAC Customer Financing Program Since its establishment in 1919 it has proven to be GMs most reliable way of revenue. 4.1.5 OnStar Satellite Technology This technology allows the vehicles to be tracked in the event of an emergency or theft, it also allows the driver or passengers the ability to communicate with OnStar personnel at the click of a button. 4.2 Weaknesses 4.2.1 Behind on Alternative Energy Movement The alternative hybrid trend has begun to take place in the automotive industry and GM has been one step behind the competition It is a reason that lead them to lose the market share. 4.2.2 Organizational Structure below standard We can see the organization structure above, it seems to be too vertically integrated. The shortcomings are that it is a lack of communication between employees from top to bottom and may have played a part in GM lag on the hybrid technology. 4.2.3Stagnant Profitability To review GMs profit we can see that they are struggling with respect to the size of the company. It is disappointed that shareholder would not happy about. 4.2.4 Too dependent on domestic market GM overly become dependent on the US market The competition will become tough if they only focus on just one country. 4.2.5 Too dependent on GMAC GM overly become dependent on its financing company. Maybe it is a very great advantage for GM, but they cannot rely on financing company for gain the profit, if they want to compete with competitors 4.2.6 Poor Credit Rating GMs credit status has been declining obviously. According to Standard Poors, they declared billion of dollars of debt owed by GM to be junk, it will increase borrowing costs and limit fund-raising options for them.(Sharon Silke Carty, 2005) 4.3 Opportunities 4.3.1 Alternative energy movement hybrid technology is giving to GM a opportunity to once again become the automotive industry leader in innovation and technology 4.3.2 Continuing to expand globally Recently, they found that there is a dramatically increase in China automotive market, that proves themselves to focus and emphasis on Chinese huge potential market. 4.3.3 Low interest rates It is a opportunity that they can gain immediate revenue in sales. 4.3.4 Develop new vehicle styles and models As you know the development of the vehicle model never be satisfied, GM should keep attempting the most popular model in the world. 4.4 Threats 4.4.1 Rising fuel prices GM the major business pieces is the sales of truck and SUV, but it is gradually declined because of the lack of fuel efficiency, for rising fuel prices this reason, 4.4.2 Growth of competitors Toyota gains the first mover advantage of hybrid system and become the leader of automotive industry, GM faces the reality they should develop more fuel efficiency vehicle and small car model. 4.4.3 Legacy cost GM provide a great welfare to their retired employees, so they need to experience it is a serious financial problem more and more retired employees begin to be benefited. 5 Key strategic issues firm face GM is facing several strategic issues. It will be shown by a number of aspects. The economic recession, Competition, and New entrants. 5.1 Economic Recession The economy of world is currently in the downturn, or even recession in which will impact a lot of industries and consumers in the world. As the economy slowing down, doing business may find it hard to increase the revenue because banks are not willing to lend money to companies, especially bad credit status companies. As a result, GM may suffer from decrease in sales of automotives. However, they may benefit from hybrid technology, since more people are buying new fuel efficiency car model if consumer intend to purchase a new car. 5.2 Competitor in automotive industry The competition between the main competitors for instance, Toyota, Honda, Ford, has expanded beyond that of the traditional energy car. These companies are now competing on value adding products, fuel efficiency, design and service of maintenance. In order to achieve competitive advantage companies try to merge or acquire other companies in gain experience and knowledge. 5.3 New entrants The fast moving and constantly changing industry gives opportunities to new entrants who have not previously specialized in the automotive market as technology can often be easily imitated. In addition an alliance formed by different companies, such as Magna and Sberbank, trying to seek a takeover of Opel and Vauxhall, parts of GM European division. There has also a growing number of new entrants in China due to relatively low investment costs. 6 Strategic Options The strategic options that GM might realistically pursue had been discussed as below such as product development, market development,, and market penetration as their strategic options. (Ansoff, 1987) 6.1 Product development Product development is a feasible option because it can be capable both in present and the prospect. This option is also suitable to GM since it is able to exploit the needs of customers. GM is facing the threats of too much competitors in the market and the improvement of technology is increasing rapidly. Doing more researches on GMs products and investigate and understanding more about the favour of customers are significant. To improve the quality of services in their technology should not be neglected in order to catch up the expect of consumers and the externally needs so the company can be enhanced and stable in the market. . Suitability: Due to the furious competition between the three consoles company, this strategy is very important. GM have to develop more innovative new products to catch up the pace of the technological advancement. This could ensure the company to gain a step ahead of its competitiors. The technology industry requires swiftness in developing new and innovative products. Feasibility: The research and development of the company is doing very well in the past few years. They had been rated the top 25 most innovative company in the world (businessweek, 2008). In skills term, they have talent in which had leaded and developed a lot of innovative ideas which attracted a lot of consumers from youths, adult and even elders!. Acceptability: Shareholders and stakeholders will agree wholly with GMs decision as technology investors, they realize that the technology development or innovation is very important to maintain themselves into the market. 6.2 Market penetration According to (Lynch, R., 2006), market penetration uses the existing range of products or services to attract potential customers or consumers from competitor to expand their own market share. It basically targets the existing customers in the present market of competitors and gain profit from it. The cost is lower, and the chance of attracting consumers is higher. GM uses price competitive advantage to deal with their competitors, which are Toyota, Honda, Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. When GM introduces their brand, it is priced lower than others significantly. GM offer lower prices than competitors and it attract competitors consumers to have an attempt on the product due to its low price Suitability: This strategy is suitable to be implemented because this allows GM to grab more market shares from their numerous of competitors in the US market, Feasibility: GM is capable to compete with competitors as they are financially competent with them. Since GM stated that they retain the GM Europe section because they posses good health of liquidity again. This also shows that GM is financially secured and there is no problem for them to compete with their competitors. Acceptability: Stakeholders of GM will accept the strategy as long it is profitable to the organization and to them. 6.3 Market development From this strategy options, it involves the strategy of introducing both new and existing products to their existing customers and not overlooking the new customers. From here, both new and existing customers have the options and more information about those products. From here, they would be introduce their product to both side. They would be able to saturated new opportunities for geographical spread, entering new segments or new users in the environment. Such a change will enable GM in better turnover at medium risk by exploiting current strength or market knowledge. (Lynch, R., 2006) Suitability: It is suitable in market development as they tend to target new groups of people, and other new geographic places. (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). GM try to targets elders, adult or basically all adult group. Feasibility: It is feasible for GM as they have enough resources to develop into the new market. According to the U.S. Treasury Department, they has received $1 billion repayment from GM. This shows that they totally have enough fund to research and develop proper strategy in order to venture into the new market or exploring into a new market segment. Acceptability: Stakeholders and shareholders would surely agree with this strategy as it gain profit for the company and stakeholders or shareholders themselves. Recommendation of Strategy options The best strategic option for GM in their current situation is to develop a new vehicle which is alternative energy SUV; this strategy would significantly lead to a growth in sales. In addition, GM can gain a new business partner from Canada-Russia consortium because of their contractual relationship and this would be a great competitive advantage for GM. By using this strategy, which is an external method, it can help GM to solve their problems quickly. An alliance with Magna-Sberbank will also benefit GM in terms of saving expenses on research for the small car technology. This will aid GM in solving the tribulations that they are facing. 7 Implementation Issues When GM wants to withdraw or retain Europe operation, some obstacles will appear. They are called implementation issues. These implementation issues will be discussed how Government involved in its decision making. 7.1 Russian Government German Gref, the Sberbank boss stated that he acquires GM Europe section to enter new markets abroad and confirmed it is a really low price to takeover Opel, it can get the permission to get its company technology. Sberbank is a famous creditors of automotive industry in Russia in which inform to turn around its carmaker industry. The Russian Trade and Industry Minister stated that if not the takeover, they will not good enough to develop the international car company Since the Russian government plans to acquire international technology, all of the international autos keep continue to build some facilities such as manufacturing plants in there to reach domestic market demand. The global companies can avoid Russian import taxes on autos, besides, they can benefit from the domestic low salaries. Nowadays, to sell the GM Europe, GM will struggle in the Russian market and GM technology. 7.2 US Government According to American negotiating circle, the US government is not welcomed to work with the Magna as long as Russian companies get extensive access to GM patents. As Magna keen to get access to all developments from the GM patent pool. US government concerns about not only car technology, they concern about Russian getting the military items. On the other hands, GM concerned that the consortium will use GM technology to contribute a potential threat of competitor to GM another brand in the Russian market. (Reuters, 2009) In addition, China Beijing automotive offer and promised job cut, and required financial support are much better than the other two, Magna also design Opel the best way for future development, but the GM is welcomed RHJ. According the analyst, GM expects to be able to make a comeback again in the future control of Opel, RHJ operation mode exactly GM wants, RHJ can give a hand to GM achieve a deep restructuring.(Wall street journal, 2009) 7.3 Germany Government According to Reuters(2009), the Germany Chancellor Merkel played an important role in the incident that Opel will be sold to Magna. Why? Because she takes the mission to save German unemployment rate, this is a political activity, she is preparing the coming election. How Merkel convinces Magna, allowed to retain as many jobs as Germany can be affordable? This is simple word money. The Germany Government wait for the European Commission approved a loan of 4.5 billion Euros to the Opel. Furthermore, the plants will not be closed in Germany, this seems very favorable for Merkel, and she is expected to easily win the election. On the other hands, it will damage their relationship if there is any failure of Russian involvement in Opel since Germany is apparently work well with Russia about trading. Besides, German election is almost can be said to the future destiny of the Opel that become a political hot potato. Government has invested a lot of money into the Opel, which is an economic decision making, but also the reason of political consideration. To unresolved Opel future, Merkel will be faced more political pressure. On the other hands, Germany government will not give any financial support to GM Europe section if GM remains it. It makes sense that Government will not help a outsider in which Germany has big three carmakers (Audi, BMW, Volkswagen),to survive its operation. As GM has already damaged the GM Europe section operation and put Opel on the transfer list. Germany cannot build any trust on GM, but by the way they have a good relationship with Russia as I mentioned above. Conclusion As a conclusion, GM sales have been affected by the economic downturn and in order to increase their sales the best option is to launch a alternative energy SUV. Besides that, GM wants to protect themselves on the market, and for this reason GM needs to be more innovative and be more sensitive to the current trends of the market. Knowing the needs of consumer will retain GMs position in the market as the worlds leading producer of mobile phone. 8. Reflective Statement on Leadership Leadership is defined as entails some degree of voluntarism in followship (Pardey, D., 2007). However, Kotter (1990) argues that leadership is about coping with the changes by giving direction. Kotters (1990) leadership framework states that the role of leadership is to set a direction, develop a vision of where the organization should be going and the strategy for change to achieve that vision. Leaders align people to the direction being set, communicating it to people and building commitment to it. Motivating and inspiring people so that they work to achieve the vision drawing on their needs, values and emotions. Our group were using democratic style of leadership where all of our members were involved in the decision making process. Ryan, our group leader discussed with all of us and decides which part we need to work on step by step. This helps a lot as we were very unclear about the direction were heading to. Communications In my group, there is some communication issues as the all four of us come from different country and background. Sometimes, there will be conflict of ideas and difficulty in presenting the ideas. We got delays in meeting because some of our group members were busy or there were some lack of communication as in setting up our meet up time got messed up and caused some group members turned up and some did not. I learnt that working in a group is not easy as it needs more effort to discuss and accomplish it. Responsibility We were each given task to search for the information from external analysis to internal analysis. All of our group mates were very responsible that they all searched for the information on their own part and some of them even helped to search for others part of work in detail. This helped our group to have the sufficient information for us to do our work. I learnt that without time management, everything would be in a total mess as we might have hand our assignment late. Problem solving We overcome our communication problem by spending more time during our meetings and we make sure everyone understand what are the things that we need to accomplish and understand what our group members were discussing during the meeting. I had learnt that developing a vision is important as it helps our group to do our work on time. Reference list Ansoff, H.I. (1987) Corporate Strategy Revised Edition. London: Penguin Books. BusinessWeek,(2008),The 50 Most Innovative Companies. [online] Available at: http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/innovative_companies/ (Access: 9th January 2010) Catherine Rampell, (2008), How many jobs depend on the big three?, Economix, [online] Available at http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/17/how-many-jobs-depend-on-the-big-three/ (Accessed: 9th January 2010) General Motors,(no date) GM Global Vehicle Sales and Market Share-2008,December [Online]. Available at http://www.gm.com/europe/corporate/sales/global/ (Accessed:9th January 2010) J.D.Power (2006), Research a car online[online] Available at: http://www.jdpower.com/autos/articles/research-a-car-online (Access:9th January 2010) Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th edn. England: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. (1990) what leaders really do Harvard Business Review. L.S. Robertson, (2006), Motor Vehicle Dealth: Failed Policy Analysis and Neglected Policy, Vol. 27,p. 182-189, Journal of Public Health Policy Lynch, R. (2006) Corporate Strategy. 4th edn. Essex : Pearson. Pardey, D.(2007) Introducing Leadership. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Onstar,(no date) [online] Available at: http://www.onstar.com/us_english/jsp/index.jsp (Access:9th January 2010) Reuters (2009) GMs U-turn on Opel sale angers Germany Russia. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5a25RL20091104 (Accessed:: 5/01/2009) Sharon Silke Carty, (2005) SP cut GM, Ford debt rating to junk status, [online] Available at http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2005-05-05-gm-junk_x.htm ,USA Today(Accessed:9th January 2010) Vincent J. Galifi. (2009) Magna Confirms Offer for Opel, [Online]. Available at: http://www.magna.com/magna/de/media/pressreleases/?i=218 (Accessed:5/01/2010) Vincent J. Galifi. (2009) MAGNA AND SBERBANK OFFER SELECTED AS THE PREFERRED SOLUTION FOR OPEL [Online]. Available at: http://www.sbrf.ru/en/news/index.php?id114=11000080 (Accessed:5/01/2010) Wall Street Journal (2009) RHJ improve the terms of its bid for GMs Opel.[Online]. Available at:http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125182274337876583.html

The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Moral

The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible The play "The Crucible" was written by Arthur Miller written 1950's but was first performed in 1953. It is set in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 and is about a small community torn apart due to accusations of witchcraft. In this essay I am going to write about the affect that conscience has on peoples' minds and decisions. Miller once said "Now I wanted to move closer to a conscious hero". By this he meant after his last play he wanted to move closer to a character that was aware of what he has done i.e. sins and that he becomes a hero for it. I will analyze John Proctor, Reverend John Hale and Goodwife Elizabeth Proctor because these three all have their own moral struggle due to the witch-hunts. Arthur Miller has based his drama on a true story, which happened in Salem in 1692. The names of the characters he used were actually the people involved. He found out their names from his visit to Salem to look at the court records. He had changed their characters slightly i.e. making Abigail Williams older. Also at the time of him writing the play there were the McCarthy witch hunts for communists, which as a writer miller himself was thought to be communist. He was interrogated by the government and was under pressure to name names and confess just as John Proctor was, so Miller can relate to Proctor's situation. The first person I am going to analyze from the play is John Proctor. He is the central character and the "conscious hero" Miller was referring to. He is a farmer in Salem and is in his middle thirties with a wife and three sons. He is "even tempered" and has a very dark secret, his infidelity with Abigail Williams, "before you go... ... are faced by each of the characters I have studied. There are other characters beside the ones I have studied that face a battle with their conscience. These people are Mary Warren and Danforth. Danforth faces a struggle with his conscience as he has to make the decisions of who dies and who lives and each death is on his conscience for the rest of his life. Miller wanted a conscious hero central to his drama because he thought that it related to his own life and the events going on around him at the time There are a few people in The Crucible that appear to have no conscience at all. These people are Abigail and The Putnams. Deep down I think the play The Crucible is all about the battles people face with their conscience and the different ways in which people deal with it. It is the central story line, upon which the entire play is based around. The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Moral The Dilemmas of Conscience in The Crucible The play "The Crucible" was written by Arthur Miller written 1950's but was first performed in 1953. It is set in Salem, Massachusetts in the spring of 1692 and is about a small community torn apart due to accusations of witchcraft. In this essay I am going to write about the affect that conscience has on peoples' minds and decisions. Miller once said "Now I wanted to move closer to a conscious hero". By this he meant after his last play he wanted to move closer to a character that was aware of what he has done i.e. sins and that he becomes a hero for it. I will analyze John Proctor, Reverend John Hale and Goodwife Elizabeth Proctor because these three all have their own moral struggle due to the witch-hunts. Arthur Miller has based his drama on a true story, which happened in Salem in 1692. The names of the characters he used were actually the people involved. He found out their names from his visit to Salem to look at the court records. He had changed their characters slightly i.e. making Abigail Williams older. Also at the time of him writing the play there were the McCarthy witch hunts for communists, which as a writer miller himself was thought to be communist. He was interrogated by the government and was under pressure to name names and confess just as John Proctor was, so Miller can relate to Proctor's situation. The first person I am going to analyze from the play is John Proctor. He is the central character and the "conscious hero" Miller was referring to. He is a farmer in Salem and is in his middle thirties with a wife and three sons. He is "even tempered" and has a very dark secret, his infidelity with Abigail Williams, "before you go... ... are faced by each of the characters I have studied. There are other characters beside the ones I have studied that face a battle with their conscience. These people are Mary Warren and Danforth. Danforth faces a struggle with his conscience as he has to make the decisions of who dies and who lives and each death is on his conscience for the rest of his life. Miller wanted a conscious hero central to his drama because he thought that it related to his own life and the events going on around him at the time There are a few people in The Crucible that appear to have no conscience at all. These people are Abigail and The Putnams. Deep down I think the play The Crucible is all about the battles people face with their conscience and the different ways in which people deal with it. It is the central story line, upon which the entire play is based around.

Beer Production

1 A Report By: Animesh Ranjan 5101045 C-2 (biotechnology) Jaypee Institute of Information Technology For: Mr. Chakresh Jain Course Coordinator (biotech plant site layout) Department of Biotechnology Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida 2 CONTENTS Kool Breweries Ltd: An Overview Alcoholic Beverages Brewing: How Beer is made Brewing: Process Overview Beer Production: Flowchart Beer Production: Ingredients Beer Production Process o o o o o o o Mashing Lautering Boiling and Hopping Hop Separation and Cooling Fermentation Filtration Packaging 13 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 4 5 8 9 10 11Quality Control in Beer Production 3 Kool Breweries Ltd: An Overview Kool Breweries Limited is a premium-branded beverage company dedicated to delivering quality products enjoyed by millions around the world every day. An academic visit to the Kool Brewery manufacturing plant in Haryana was organized as a part of the course ‘Biotech Plant Site Layout’ on the 19th March 2007. This visit pro vided with the opportunity to observe the different processes involved in the beer manufacturing, i. e. mashing, lautering, whirl pooling, fermentation, filtration and packaging.Also the quality control measures being adopted to maintain the quality of the beer to international standards and the basic layout of the plant were also observed. The visit was a very useful academic as well as practical exposure and we look forward to more of such visits in future to enhance both our theoretical, technical and practical knowledge. 4 Alcoholic Beverages An alcoholic beverage containing ethanol. is a drink Ethanol is a psychoactive drug, a depressant, and many societies regulate or restrict its sale and consumption.Countries place various legal restrictions on the sale of alcoholic drinks to young people. The manufacture and consumption of alcohol is notably found (to some degree) in most cultures and societies around the world, from hunter-gatherer tribes to organized nation-states. The co nsumption of alcohol is often important at social events in such societies and may be an important aspect of a community's culture. The concentration of alcohol in a drink may be specified in percent alcohol by volume (ABV), in percentage by weight (sometimes abbreviated w/w for weight for weight), or in proof.Most yeast cannot grow when the concentration of alcohol is higher than about 18% by volume, so that is a practical limit for the strength of fermented beverages such as wine, beer, and sake. Strains of yeast have been developed that can survive in solutions of up to 25% alcohol by volume, but these were bred for ethanol fuel production, not beverage production. 5 Alcoholic Beverages †¢ Mead – fermented honey and water, sugar in honey is too concentrated for yeasts to grow so it must be diluted. Probably made by early humans by accident initially.Mead is made now by boiling diluted honey and adding nitrogencontaining compounds, then yeast culture. Fermentation proc ess takes 6-8 weeks. †¢ Wine – Yeasts are present on fruit skins so fermentation can occur naturally. Wine was probably produced accidentally as long as 10,000 ybp but that is only a guess. †¢ Beers – have been made for at least 6000 years. Brewing has been a hit and miss process until about 200 years ago, until then it was difficult to control quality. High quality beer has three basic ingredients: barley malt, hops, and water. Adjuncts are used extensively in cheap beers. 6 Sake – â€Å"rice wine† – Conversion of rice starch to sugar is done by Aspergillus (bread mold). Yeast are then added for fermentation, final alcohol concentration is 19% and is fortified to 20-22%. †¢ Chicha – corn beer, Central and S. America, made from chewed corn. †¢ Distillation o Whiskeys – distilled from â€Å"beers† and aged – Scotch, Bourbon, Rye. o Cognacs and brandies – distilled from wines. o Grain alcohol is 95% = 190 proof o Gin and vodka – ethanol + water, gin is flavored. o Rum – fermented molasses or sugarcane juice 7 Brewing: How Beer is Made Brewing is the production of alcoholic beverages and alcohol fuel through fermentation.This is the method used in beer production. Brewing is fundamentally a natural process. The art and science of brewing lies in converting natural food materials into a pure, pleasing beverage. Although great strides have been made with the techniques for achieving high-quality production, beer today is still a beverage brewed from natural products in a traditional way. Although the main ingredients of beer have remained constant (water, yeast, malt and hops), it is the precise recipe and timing of the brew that gives one a different taste from another.The production of beer is one of the most closely supervised and controlled manufacturing processes in our society. Apart from brewing company expenditures on research and quality control designed to achieve the highest standards of uniformity and purity in the product, the production of beer is also subject to regular inspection and review by federal and provincial Health Departments. Substances used in the brewing process are approved by Health Canada. On average, a batch of beer will take about 30 days to produce.To be more specific, brewing takes nine and a half hours, while fermentation and aging combined take between 21 and 35 days for ales and lagers respectively. 8 Brewing: Process Overview The grain used as the raw material is usually barley, but rye, maize, rice and oatmeal are also employed. In the first stage the grain is malted, either by causing it to germinate or by artificial means. This converts the carbohydrates to dextrin and maltose, and these sugars are then extracted from the grain by soaking in a mash tun (vat or cask) and then agitating in a lauter tun.The resulting liquor, known as sweet wort, is then boiled in a copper vessel with hops, which give a bitter flavour and helps to preserve the beer. The hops are then separated from the wort and it is passed through chillers into fermenting vessels where the yeast is added-a process known as pitching-and the main process of converting sugar into alcohol is carried out. (For discussion of fermentation see the chapter Pharmaceutical industry. ) The beer is then chilled to , centrifuged and filtered to clarify it; it is then ready for dispatch by keg, bottle, aluminium can or bulk transport. Figure 65. 8 is a flow chart of the brewing process. Beer Production: Flowchart 10 Beer Production: Ingredients The water must be pure, with no trace of bacteria. This is vital, because it allows the other ingredients to release all their flavour. 95% of breweries have their own spring or natural well. Barley is a cereal that offers a key advantage: it can be preserved for a long time after harvesting. In order for barley to be used in the making of beer, it must first be malted. It is malted barl ey that gives beer its characteristic color and taste. Hops or â€Å"green gold† come from a climbing plant with male and female flowers; only the female flowers are used.There are various varieties, ranging from very bitter to aromatic. Hops grew naturally in our regions in ancient times, and this plant has been used by brewers since time immemorial. In antiquity, it could be replaced by mixtures of aromatic herbs, in particular rosemary and thyme, which had the same preserving effect as hops but of course gave the resulting beverage a quite different flavour. Yes, it is hops that give beer its characteristic bitterness, and this plant became so successful that in the 18th century all varieties of beer contained hops. 11 Yeasts transform the sugars in the must into alcohol and carbon dioxide.The type of yeast used varies according to the type of beer. There was a time when man had no control over yeasts in beer. Louis Pasteur was able to explain their role in the brewing pro cess, and yeast culture was developed thanks to the work of the Danish scientist Hansen. Nowadays there are two main varieties of yeasts that are used in brewing: saccharomyces cerevisiae and saccharomyces carlsbergensis (bottomfermenting). Certain other products are used in the making of beer, in particular spices: coriander, ginger, cloves, sage, fennel, mustard seeds, aniseed, cinnamon, etc. 12 Beer Production Process MashingMalt is added to heated, purified water and, through a carefully controlled time and temperature process, the malt enzymes break down the starch to sugar and the complex proteins of the malt to simpler nitrogen compounds. Mashing takes place in a large, round tank called a â€Å"mash mixer† or â€Å"mash tun† and requires careful temperature control. At this point, depending on the type of beer desired, the malt is supplemented by starch from other cereals such as corn, wheat or rice. Lautering The mash is transferred to a straining (or lauterin g) vessel which is usually cylindrical with a slotted false bottom two to five centimetres above the rue bottom. The liquid extract drains through the false bottom and is run off to the brew kettle. This extract, a sugar solution, is called â€Å"wort† but it is not yet beer. Water is â€Å"sparged† (or sprayed) though the grains to wash out as much of the extract as possible. The â€Å"spent grains† are removed and sold as cattle feed. 13 Boiling and Hopping The brew kettle, a huge cauldron holding from 70 to 1,000 hectolitres and made of shiny copper or stainless steel, is probably the most striking sight in a brewery. It is fitted with coils or a jacketed bottom for steam heating and is designed to boil the wort under carefully-controlled conditions.Boiling, which usually lasts about two hours, serves to concentrate the wort to a desired specific gravity, to sterilize it and to obtain the desired extract from the hops. The hop resins contribute flavour, aroma and bitterness to the brew. Once the hops have flavoured the brew, they are removed. When applicable, highly-fermentable syrup may be added to the kettle. Undesirable protein substances that have survived the journey from the mash mixer are coagulated, leaving the wort clear. Hop Separation and Cooling After the beer has taken on the flavour of the hops, the wort then proceeds to the â€Å"hot wort tank†.It is then cooled, usually in a simple-looking apparatus called a â€Å"plate cooler†. As the wort and a coolant flow past each other on opposite sides of stainless steel plates, the temperature of the wort drops from boiling to about 10 to 15. 5  °C, a drop of more than 65. 6  °C, in a few seconds. 14 Fermentation The wort is then moved to the fermenting vessels and yeast, the guarded central mystery of ancient brewer's art, is added. It is the yeast, which is a living, single-cell fungi, that breaks down the sugar in the wort to carbon dioxide and alcohol. It al so adds many beer-flavouring components.There are many kinds of yeasts, but those used in making beer belong to the genus saccharomyces. The brewer uses two species of this genus. One yeast type, which rises to the top of the liquid at the completion of the fermentation process, is used in brewing ale and stout. The other, which drops to the bottom of the brewing vessel, is used in brewing lager. During fermentation, which lasts about seven to 10 days, the yeast may multiply six-fold and in the open-tank fermenters used for brewing ale, a creamy, frothy head may be seen on top of the brew. 15 FiltrationFiltering the beer stabilizes the flavour, and gives beer its polished shine and brilliance. Not all beer is filtered. When tax determination is required by local laws, it is typically done at this stage in a calibrated tank. Filters come in many types. Many use pre-made filtration media such as sheets or candles, while others use a fine powder made of, for example, diatomaceous earth , also called kieselguhr, which is introduced into the beer and recirculated past screens to form a filtration bed. Filters range from rough filters that remove much of the yeast and any solids (e. . hops, grain particles) left in the beer, to filters tight enough to strain color and body from the beer. Normally used filtration ratings are divided into rough, fine and sterile. Rough filtration leaves some cloudiness in the beer, but it is noticeably clearer than unfiltered beer. Fine filtration gives a glass of beer that you could read a newspaper through, with no noticeable cloudiness. Finally, as its name implies, sterile filtration is fine enough that almost all microorganisms in the beer are removed during the filtration process. 16 PackagingIn the bottle shop of a brewery, returned empty bottles go through washers in which they receive a thorough cleaning. After washing, the bottles are inspected electronically and visually and pass on to the rotary filler. Some of these machin es can fill up to 1,200 bottles per minute. A â€Å"crowning† machine, integrated with the filler, places caps on the bottles. The filled bottles may then pass through a â€Å"tunnel pasteurizer† (often 23 metres from end to end and able to hold 15,000 bottles) where the temperature of the beer is raised about 60  °C. or a sufficient length of time to provide biological stability, then cooled to room temperature. Emerging from the pasteurizer, the bottles are inspected, labelled, placed in boxes, stacked on pallets and carried by lift truck to the warehousing areas to await shipment. Also in the bottle shop may be the canning lines, where beer is packaged in cans for shipment. Packaged beer may be heat-pasteurized or micro-filtered, providing a shelf-life of up to six months when properly stored. Draught beer, since it is normally sold and consumed within a few weeks, may not go through this process.The draught beer is placed in sterilized kegs ready for shipment. 17 Quality Control in Beer Production Setting up specifications is done all the time. Brewers decide on the basic properties of original gravity, color, and flavor and from this develop a formulation of raw materials and a process to extract what is wanted from them. Sensory methods: Sensory methods are not necessarily easy to apply (and often ill used) but are useful and quite cheap to do. They include an analysis of beer flavor (undoubtedly beer's most important attribute), beer clarity, color, and foam.Brewers who do not regularly and critically taste and visually examine their beers in a formal setting deny themselves much critical information. Beer color, on the other hand, can be measured in a comparator (just a light box set up for visually matching color – the human eye is much better at this than most instruments) or by quite cheap instruments, such as a tintometer. A standard beer set aside for color matching remains stable for quite a long time if kept cold and in th e dark. Observers can rate the beers on some sensory scale.Putting numerical values from instruments on flavor, haze, foam, color, and so forth is where the trouble starts, but that isn't really necessary for a simple quality-control program. 18 Cycling a beer on some regular schedule (e. g. daily) between a warm place (60 ° C) and a cold one (40 ° C) will create haze; more stable beers withstand more cycles than less stable ones. Similarly, storing a beer at 25 ° C in an archive (a fancy name for a warm cupboard) will encourage microbial growth and other sorts of beer breakdown. Instrumental Analysis: The second kind of specification and analysis is not amenable to sensory testing. gh on this list of â€Å"invisible† specifications has to be the original gravity (OG) and the degree of fermentability (hence alcohol content) of beers. These are most easily determined on wort but require an investment in some simple apparatus – a hydrometer and measuring cylinder. The wort OG and fermentability are fundamental specifications for a beer, because beer is made from the fermentable portion of the wort. These values also allow a brewer to calculate extract yield from raw materials (brewhouse yield) and predict beer yield.The degree of fermentability can be determined by a rapid fermentation test in which a high population of yeast cells, with frequent agitation, rapidly ferments out the wort. At the same time, wort flavor and clarity can be noted. A sample of wort, taken under aseptic conditions and set aside in the archive, will reveal its microbiological status in a few days and tell a good deal about the sanitary status of the brewhouse. Package beer, on the other hand, must be analyzed for CO2 content (carbonation) and bottle â€Å"air† for flavor stability. 19The microbiological status of a packaged beer, especially one destined for a distant market, is of prime concern for beer flavor and for the safety of the consuming public (potent ial for exploding bottles). The only satisfactory microbiological test is to pass at least 100 ml of beer through a 0. 45 micrometer membrane, then plate the membrane on media (such as MRS) under conditions (for instance anaerobic at about 25 ° C) capable of detecting the target organisms in low numbers. A quick squint at a beer sample under a microscope doesn't cut it. 20